
VITROS SARS CoV2 Antigen CLIA based Examine
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Description
Lateral motion immunochromatographic assay that adopted twin color system.
For the qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen from nasopharyngeal swab specimen.
The verify incorporates colloid gold conjugate pad and a membrane strip pre-coated with antibodies specific to SARS-CoV-2 antigen on the verify traces (T).
A visible black band (antibody-antigen-antibody gold conjugate sophisticated) appears on the verify traces (T) If SARS-CoV-2 antigen is present throughout the specimen.
The administration line (C) reveals that verify is carried out appropriately.
Evaluated with panel specimen (n = 75) by PCR
Sensitivity: 90,2 %
Specificity: 100 %
Diagnostics
1. The VITROS SARS CoV2 Antigen assay is a chemiluminescent immunoassay meant for the qualitative
detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigens in nasopharyngeal (NP) specimens from individuals who
are suspected of COVID-19 inside one to five days of the onset of indicators, or mid-turbinate specimens
collected from asymptomatic individuals.
2. The assay must be carried out in VITROS 3600 Immunodiagnostics system or VITROS 5600 / VITROS XT 7600
Constructed-in system from Ortho.
Features
COVID-19, Nasopharyngeal swabs
SKU:G61RHA20
AVAILABILITY:In Stock with The Lowest Value throughout the Market
SHIPMENT:Related Day Cargo Orders Sooner than 14
H00SIZE:20 Exams/KitSPECIFICITY:98.90%
Type
Immunochromatography speedy verify

Guidance for use of VITROS SARS CoV2 Antigen CLIA based Examine from Ortho Medical
Calibration Differ
Qualitative
VITROS SARS CoV2 antigen assay – Procedural Steps: –
Stage 1: Nasopharyngeal swab specimen assortment:
1. Purchase a nasopharyngeal swab specimen by inserting the sterile swab into the nostril.
2. Push the sterile swab until resistance is met on the stage of the turbinate.
3. Rotate the sterile swab plenty of events in direction of the nasopharyngeal wall & go away throughout the place for
10 seconds to saturate the swab tip.
4. Take away the swab from the nostril fastidiously.
5. Place the swab specimen into the viral transport medium buffer tube and shut the tube tightly.
6. Transport the swab sample in VTM to the laboratory in a cold chain.
7. The sample may very well be saved in Room temperature (Beneath 30◦C) for as a lot as 24 hrs from the time of
sample assortment or at 2 – 8◦C for as a lot as 48 hrs from the time of sample assortment.
Stage 2: Sample preparation for testing:
1. Sample preparation should be carried out in BSL-2 stage cabinet throughout the Laboratory.
2. Mix the swab specimen in VTM tube properly (vortex roughly 3-5 seconds).
3. Change 100 μL VITROS SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Extraction Buffer proper right into a labelled new sample tube.
4. Add 400 μL viral sample to the above tube (to deal with 1:4 ratio of extraction buffer: sample)
5. Mix properly (Cap/Plug the sample tube and vortex roughly 3-5 seconds).
COVID-19 Nucleocapsid recombinant antigen |
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00221-V-100ugvial | Virogen | 100 ug/vial | EUR 150 |
Description: COVID-19 Nucleocapsid recombinant antigen |
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike Antibody (biotin) |
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3525-biotin-002mg | ProSci | 0.02 mg | EUR 229.7 |
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus (1). The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (2). The structure of 2019-nCoV consists of the following: a Spike protein (S), hemagglutinin-esterease dimer (HE), a membrane glycoprotein (M), an envelope protein (E) a nucleoclapid protein (N) and RNA. Coronavirus invades cells through Spike (S) glycoproteins, a class I fusion protein. It is the major viral surface protein that coronavirus uses to bind to the human cell surface receptor. It also mediates the fusion of host and viral cell membrane, allowing the virus to enter human cells and begin infection (3). The spike protein is the major target for neutralizing antibodies and vaccine development (4). The protein modeling suggests that there is strong interaction between Spike protein receptor-binding domain and its host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which regulate both the cross-species and human-to-human transmissions of COVID-19 (5). The recent study has shown that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binds ACE2 with higher affinity than SARS-CoV spike protein (6). |
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike Antibody (biotin) |
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3525-biotin-01mg | ProSci | 0.1 mg | EUR 594.26 |
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus (1). The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (2). The structure of 2019-nCoV consists of the following: a Spike protein (S), hemagglutinin-esterease dimer (HE), a membrane glycoprotein (M), an envelope protein (E) a nucleoclapid protein (N) and RNA. Coronavirus invades cells through Spike (S) glycoproteins, a class I fusion protein. It is the major viral surface protein that coronavirus uses to bind to the human cell surface receptor. It also mediates the fusion of host and viral cell membrane, allowing the virus to enter human cells and begin infection (3). The spike protein is the major target for neutralizing antibodies and vaccine development (4). The protein modeling suggests that there is strong interaction between Spike protein receptor-binding domain and its host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which regulate both the cross-species and human-to-human transmissions of COVID-19 (5). The recent study has shown that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binds ACE2 with higher affinity than SARS-CoV spike protein (6). |
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Envelope Antibody (biotin) |
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3531-biotin-002mg | ProSci | 0.02 mg | EUR 229.7 |
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus (1). The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (2). The structure of 2019-nCoV consists of the following: a spike protein (S), hemagglutinin-esterease dimer (HE), a membrane glycoprotein (M), an envelope protein (E) a nucleoclapid protein (N) and RNA. Envelope protein is a small polypeptide that contains at least one alpha-helical transmembrane domain. It involves in several aspects of the virus's life cycle, such as assembly, budding, envelope formation, and pathogenesis. E protein has membrane permeabilizing activity, which provides a possible rationale to inhibit in vitro ion channel activity of some synthetic coronavirus E proteins, and also viral replication (3). |
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Envelope Antibody (biotin) |
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3531-biotin-01mg | ProSci | 0.1 mg | EUR 594.26 |
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus (1). The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (2). The structure of 2019-nCoV consists of the following: a spike protein (S), hemagglutinin-esterease dimer (HE), a membrane glycoprotein (M), an envelope protein (E) a nucleoclapid protein (N) and RNA. Envelope protein is a small polypeptide that contains at least one alpha-helical transmembrane domain. It involves in several aspects of the virus's life cycle, such as assembly, budding, envelope formation, and pathogenesis. E protein has membrane permeabilizing activity, which provides a possible rationale to inhibit in vitro ion channel activity of some synthetic coronavirus E proteins, and also viral replication (3). |
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Membrane Antibody (biotin) |
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9157-biotin-002mg | ProSci | 0.02 mg | EUR 229.7 |
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus. The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (1). SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh member of the enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses that are able to infect humans. The SARS-CoV-2 genome, like other coronaviruses, encodes for multiple structural and nonstructural proteins. The structural proteins include spike protein (S), envelope protein (E), membrane glycoprotein (M), nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (N), and the nonstructural proteins include open reading frame 1ab (ORF1ab), ORF3a, ORF6, ORF7a, ORF8, and ORF10 (2).The membrane (M) protein or matrix protein is the most abundant structural protein and defines the shape of the viral envelope (3). It is an integral membrane protein involved in the budding of the viral particles and interacts with S (Spike) protein. It involves in organization of the nucleoprotein inside, which includes many copies of the N (nucleocapsid) protein bound to the genomic RNA. The M protein holds dominant cellular immunogenicity and has been determined as a protective antigen in humoral responses, which suggests it would serve as a potential target in vaccine design (4). |
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Membrane Antibody (biotin) |
|||
9157-biotin-01mg | ProSci | 0.1 mg | EUR 594.26 |
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus. The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (1). SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh member of the enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses that are able to infect humans. The SARS-CoV-2 genome, like other coronaviruses, encodes for multiple structural and nonstructural proteins. The structural proteins include spike protein (S), envelope protein (E), membrane glycoprotein (M), nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (N), and the nonstructural proteins include open reading frame 1ab (ORF1ab), ORF3a, ORF6, ORF7a, ORF8, and ORF10 (2).The membrane (M) protein or matrix protein is the most abundant structural protein and defines the shape of the viral envelope (3). It is an integral membrane protein involved in the budding of the viral particles and interacts with S (Spike) protein. It involves in organization of the nucleoprotein inside, which includes many copies of the N (nucleocapsid) protein bound to the genomic RNA. The M protein holds dominant cellular immunogenicity and has been determined as a protective antigen in humoral responses, which suggests it would serve as a potential target in vaccine design (4). |
COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test Kit |
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UNCOV-20 | UnScience | 20T/kit | EUR 186 |
Description: COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test (Serum/Plasma/Whole Blood) is a qualitative membrane-based immunoassay for the detection of COVID-19 antibodies in serum, plasma, or whole blood. This test consists of two test lines, an IgG line and an IgM line, which is pre-coated with two mouse anti-human monoclonal antibodies separately. During testing, the sample reacts with COVID-19 antigen-coated on conjugated pad. As the complex continues to travel up the strip, the anti-COVID-19 IgM antibodies are bound on the IgM line, and the anti-COVID-19 IgG antibodies are bound on the IgG line. The control(C)line appears when sample has flowed through the strip. The presence of anti-COVID-19 IgM and/or IgG will be indicated by a visible test line in the IgM and IgG region. To serve as a procedural control, the control line should always appear if the test procedure is performed properly and the reagents are working as intended. |
COVID-19 Spike Protein a.a. 1000-12000 |
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00223-V-100ugvial | Virogen | 100 ug/vial | EUR 150 |
Description: COVID-19 Spike Protein a.a. 1000-12000 |
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Nucleocapsid Antibody (biotin) |
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9099-biotin-002mg | ProSci | 0.02 mg | EUR 229.7 |
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus. The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (1). SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh member of the enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses that are able to infect humans. The SARS-CoV-2 genome, like other coronaviruses, encodes for multiple structural and nonstructural proteins. The structural proteins include spike protein (S), envelope protein (E), membrane glycoprotein (M), nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (N), and the nonstructural proteins include open reading frame 1ab (ORF1ab), ORF3a, ORF6, ORF7a, ORF8, and ORF10 (2). Nucleocapsid (N) protein is the most abundant protein of coronavirus. It is also one of the major structural proteins and is involved in the transcription and replication of viral RNA, packaging of the encapsidated genome into virions (3), and interference with cell cycle processes of host cells (4). Moreover, in many coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV, the N protein has high immunogenic activity and is abundantly expressed during infection (5). It can be detected in various patient samples including nasopharyngeal aspirate, urine, and fecal. Both S and N proteins may be potential antigens for serodiagnosis of COVID-19, just as many diagnostic methods have been developed for diagnosing SARS based on S and/or N proteins (6). |
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Nucleocapsid Antibody (biotin) |
|||
9099-biotin-01mg | ProSci | 0.1 mg | EUR 594.26 |
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus. The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (1). SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh member of the enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses that are able to infect humans. The SARS-CoV-2 genome, like other coronaviruses, encodes for multiple structural and nonstructural proteins. The structural proteins include spike protein (S), envelope protein (E), membrane glycoprotein (M), nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (N), and the nonstructural proteins include open reading frame 1ab (ORF1ab), ORF3a, ORF6, ORF7a, ORF8, and ORF10 (2). Nucleocapsid (N) protein is the most abundant protein of coronavirus. It is also one of the major structural proteins and is involved in the transcription and replication of viral RNA, packaging of the encapsidated genome into virions (3), and interference with cell cycle processes of host cells (4). Moreover, in many coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV, the N protein has high immunogenic activity and is abundantly expressed during infection (5). It can be detected in various patient samples including nasopharyngeal aspirate, urine, and fecal. Both S and N proteins may be potential antigens for serodiagnosis of COVID-19, just as many diagnostic methods have been developed for diagnosing SARS based on S and/or N proteins (6). |
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Nucleocapsid Antibody (biotin) |
|||
9103-biotin-002mg | ProSci | 0.02 mg | EUR 229.7 |
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus. The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (1). SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh member of the enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses that are able to infect humans. The SARS-CoV-2 genome, like other coronaviruses, encodes for multiple structural and nonstructural proteins. The structural proteins include spike protein (S), envelope protein (E), membrane glycoprotein (M), nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (N), and the nonstructural proteins include open reading frame 1ab (ORF1ab), ORF3a, ORF6, ORF7a, ORF8, and ORF10 (2). Nucleocapsid (N) protein is the most abundant protein of coronavirus. It is also one of the major structural proteins and is involved in the transcription and replication of viral RNA, packaging of the encapsidated genome into virions (3), and interference with cell cycle processes of host cells (4). Moreover, in many coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV, the N protein has high immunogenic activity and is abundantly expressed during infection (5). It can be detected in various patient samples including nasopharyngeal aspirate, urine, and fecal. Both S and N proteins may be potential antigens for serodiagnosis of COVID-19, just as many diagnostic methods have been developed for diagnosing SARS based on S and/or N proteins (6). |
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Nucleocapsid Antibody (biotin) |
|||
9103-biotin-01mg | ProSci | 0.1 mg | EUR 594.26 |
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus. The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (1). SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh member of the enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses that are able to infect humans. The SARS-CoV-2 genome, like other coronaviruses, encodes for multiple structural and nonstructural proteins. The structural proteins include spike protein (S), envelope protein (E), membrane glycoprotein (M), nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (N), and the nonstructural proteins include open reading frame 1ab (ORF1ab), ORF3a, ORF6, ORF7a, ORF8, and ORF10 (2). Nucleocapsid (N) protein is the most abundant protein of coronavirus. It is also one of the major structural proteins and is involved in the transcription and replication of viral RNA, packaging of the encapsidated genome into virions (3), and interference with cell cycle processes of host cells (4). Moreover, in many coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV, the N protein has high immunogenic activity and is abundantly expressed during infection (5). It can be detected in various patient samples including nasopharyngeal aspirate, urine, and fecal. Both S and N proteins may be potential antigens for serodiagnosis of COVID-19, just as many diagnostic methods have been developed for diagnosing SARS based on S and/or N proteins (6). |
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP7 Peptide |
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9155P | ProSci | 0.05 mg | EUR 235.5 |
Description: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP7 Peptide |
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP8 Peptide |
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9159P | ProSci | 0.05 mg | EUR 235.5 |
Description: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP8 Peptide |
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP9 Peptide |
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9161P | ProSci | 0.05 mg | EUR 235.5 |
Description: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP9 Peptide |
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP9 Peptide |
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9163P | ProSci | 0.05 mg | EUR 235.5 |
Description: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP9 Peptide |
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP8 Peptide |
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9167P | ProSci | 0.05 mg | EUR 235.5 |
Description: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP8 Peptide |
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP2 Peptide |
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9171P | ProSci | 0.05 mg | EUR 235.5 |
Description: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP2 Peptide |
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP2 Peptide |
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9173P | ProSci | 0.05 mg | EUR 235.5 |
Description: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP2 Peptide |
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP4 Peptide |
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9175P | ProSci | 0.05 mg | EUR 235.5 |
Description: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP4 Peptide |
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP6 Peptide |
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9177P | ProSci | 0.05 mg | EUR 235.5 |
Description: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP6 Peptide |
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) ORF6 Peptide |
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9189P | ProSci | 0.05 mg | EUR 235.5 |
Description: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) ORF6 Peptide |
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) ORF8 Peptide |
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9287P | ProSci | 0.05 mg | EUR 235.5 |
Description: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) ORF8 Peptide |
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) ORF8 Peptide |
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9289P | ProSci | 0.05 mg | EUR 235.5 |
Description: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) ORF8 Peptide |
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP7 Antibody |
|||
9155-002mg | ProSci | 0.02 mg | EUR 229.7 |
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus (1). The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (2). The structure of 2019-nCoV consists of the following: a spike protein (S), hemagglutinin-esterease dimer (HE), a membrane glycoprotein (M), an envelope protein (E) a nucleoclapid protein (N) and RNA. NSP7 plays a role in viral RNA synthesis (3,4,5). It forms a hexadecamer with nsp8 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, it may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers. |
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP7 Antibody |
|||
9155-01mg | ProSci | 0.1 mg | EUR 594.26 |
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus (1). The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (2). The structure of 2019-nCoV consists of the following: a spike protein (S), hemagglutinin-esterease dimer (HE), a membrane glycoprotein (M), an envelope protein (E) a nucleoclapid protein (N) and RNA. NSP7 plays a role in viral RNA synthesis (3,4,5). It forms a hexadecamer with nsp8 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, it may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers. |
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP8 Antibody |
|||
9159-002mg | ProSci | 0.02 mg | EUR 229.7 |
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus (1). The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (2). The structure of 2019-nCoV consists of the following: a spike protein (S), hemagglutinin-esterease dimer (HE), a membrane glycoprotein (M), an envelope protein (E) a nucleoclapid protein (N) and RNA. NSP8 plays a role in viral RNA synthesis (3,4,5). Forms a hexadecamer with nsp7 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, it may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers (6). |
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP8 Antibody |
|||
9159-01mg | ProSci | 0.1 mg | EUR 594.26 |
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus (1). The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (2). The structure of 2019-nCoV consists of the following: a spike protein (S), hemagglutinin-esterease dimer (HE), a membrane glycoprotein (M), an envelope protein (E) a nucleoclapid protein (N) and RNA. NSP8 plays a role in viral RNA synthesis (3,4,5). Forms a hexadecamer with nsp7 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, it may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers (6). |
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP9 Antibody |
|||
9161-002mg | ProSci | 0.02 mg | EUR 229.7 |
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus (1). The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (2). The structure of 2019-nCoV consists of the following: a spike protein (S), hemagglutinin-esterease dimer (HE), a membrane glycoprotein (M), an envelope protein (E) a nucleoclapid protein (N) and RNA. NSP9 may participate in viral replication by acting as a ssRNA-binding protein (3). |
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP9 Antibody |
|||
9161-01mg | ProSci | 0.1 mg | EUR 594.26 |
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus (1). The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (2). The structure of 2019-nCoV consists of the following: a spike protein (S), hemagglutinin-esterease dimer (HE), a membrane glycoprotein (M), an envelope protein (E) a nucleoclapid protein (N) and RNA. NSP9 may participate in viral replication by acting as a ssRNA-binding protein (3). |